(Reuters) -Former Spanish king Juan Carlos published a memoir on Wednesday in which he details his achievements as monarch, his sadness at his estrangement from his family and self-exile from Spain, and his hopes for reconciliation.
Below are some facts about his four-decade reign and the scandals marring his legacy.
EARLY LIFE AND HANDOVER FROM DICTATORSHIP
Born in Rome in 1938 to the exiled pretender to the Spanish throne, Juan de Borbon y Battenberg, and to Maria de las Mercedes de Borbon y Orleans, he was caught up in a power game as Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco proclaimed support for the monarchy while striving to keep a tight grip on power.
Franco separated Juan Carlos from his parents when he was 10 and groomed the boy to be his successor. He was crowned two days after Franco’s death in 1975.
ABOUT-TURN TO DEMOCRACY
To the dismay of the old administration which hoped he would continue Franco’s legacy, the king quickly implemented reforms that led to democratic elections in 1977.
After an attempted military coup on February 23, 1981, Juan Carlos gave a television broadcast in support of the government and Spain’s young democracy. His backing was key to preventing a return to dictatorship.
PLAYBOY AND HUNTER
He married Greek princess Sofia in 1962 and had two daughters and a son. A tall, handsome man in his youth, he had a reputation as a playboy. Excelling at sailing and skiing, he was also a keen big-game hunter.
In 2012, at the height of a recession that saw many Spaniards lose their jobs amid huge public spending cuts, details emerged of a lavish elephant-hunting trip Juan Carlos took to Botswana. He later apologised.
FAMILY TAX FRAUD
Corruption scandals circling the royal family closed in when his daughter, Princess Cristina, was accused of tax fraud in 2014 and became the first Spanish royal to stand trial. She was later acquitted, but her husband was handed a jail sentence.
WITHDRAWAL FROM PUBLIC LIFE
Juan Carlos abdicated in favour of his son, Prince Felipe, in 2014, and in 2019, ended his remaining institutional functions and appearances, retaining the title of King Emeritus.
STRIPPED OF ALLOWANCE
King Felipe renounced his own inheritance and stripped his father of his palace allowance in 2020 after reports that the latter had received $100 million from the late Saudi king and had given millions to his former mistress, Danish-German businesswoman Corinna zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.
Her lawyer has said the money she received was “an unsolicited gift” from Juan Carlos for her and her son.
SAUDI RAIL CONTRACT
In June 2020, Spain’s Supreme Court prosecutor opened an investigation into payments allegedly received by Juan Carlos over a high-speed train contract in Saudi Arabia that had been granted to a group of Spanish companies in 2011.
Two months later, Juan Carlos left Spain for the United Arab Emirates in a move designed to protect the monarchy after the corruption allegations.
In March 2022, the prosecutor’s office dropped the investigation due to insufficient evidence and the statute of limitations and after Juan Carlos paid over 5 million euros ($5.8 million) in back taxes as a result of the inquiry.
VISITS TO SPAIN
In May 2022, Juan Carlos came back for the first of a series of short visits, but King Felipe has distanced himself from his father, who is seen as a liability for the monarchy.
In 2023, London’s High Court dismissed a 126 million pounds ($169 million) harassment suit brought against him by Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.
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(Reporting by Iberia BureauEditing by Gareth Jones)
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